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Urethritis is the irritation or inflammation of the urethra. The urethra is short in women and opens just above the vagina. It is also close to the anus, making it easy for bacteria to enter.
Irritation caused by tight clothing, spermicides, soaps, or powders, as well as vaginal infections like yeast infections, can lead to urethritis. In men, the most common causes are sexually transmitted microorganisms such as Chlamydia and Gonorrhea.
In women, the most common cause is bacteria transmitted from the anus, as mentioned above. Sexually transmitted diseases such as herpes simplex, human papillomavirus, and trichomoniasis can also cause urethritis.
Urethritis in men is especially caused by sexually transmitted diseases. Symptoms should be treated as they occur. If left untreated, it can become chronic (persistent urethritis) and lead to continuous discharge. Persistent discharge can cause prostatitis and testicular diseases.
Painful and frequent urination occurs, and in men, discharge is also a symptom of urethritis.
In men, a culture can be taken from the discharge. If gonorrhea and chlamydia are not detected, a diagnosis of non-specific urethritis is made. In women, since there is usually little to no discharge, a swab can be taken for testing.
Urinalysis and examination of the cervix for chlamydia may be conducted. Antibiotics are used for the treatment of urethritis. Treatment can begin before the test results are available. During this period, it is advisable to use condoms.
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